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Bock, K., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1994). Language production: Grammatical encoding. In M. A. Gernsbacher (
Ed. ), Handbook of Psycholinguistics (pp. 945-984). San Diego,: Academic Press. -
Bouman, M. A., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1994). Werner E. Reichardt: Levensbericht. In H. W. Pleket (
Ed. ), Levensberichten en herdenkingen 1993 (pp. 75-80). Amsterdam: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. -
Bowerman, M. (1994). Learning a semantic system: What role do cognitive predispositions play? [Reprint]. In P. Bloom (
Ed. ), Language acquisition: Core readings (pp. 329-363). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Abstract
Reprint from: Bowerman, M. (1989). Learning a semantic system: What role do cognitive predispositions play? In M.L. Rice & R.L Schiefelbusch (Ed.), The teachability of language (pp. 133-169). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes. -
Bowerman, M. (1977). The acquisition of word meaning: An investigation of some current concepts. In P. Johnson Laird, & P. Wason (
Eds. ), Thinking: Readings in cognitive science (pp. 239-253). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -
D'Avis, F.-J., & Gretsch, P. (1994). Variations on "Variation": On the Acquisition of Complementizers in German. In R. Tracy, & E. Lattey (
Eds. ), How Tolerant is Universal Grammar? (pp. 59-109). Tübingen, Germany: Max-Niemeyer-Verlag.Files private
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Hagoort, P., & Brown, C. M. (1994). Brain responses to lexical ambiguity resolution and parsing. In C. Clifton Jr, L. Frazier, & K. Rayner (
Eds. ), Perspectives on sentence processing (pp. 45-81). Hilsdale NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. -
Kempen, G. (1977). Building a psychologically plausible sentence generator. In P. A. M. Seuren (
Ed. ), Symposium on semantic theory: held at Nijmegen, March 14-18, 1977 / Volume 9 (pp. 107-117 ). Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.Abstract
The psychological process of translating semantic into syntactic structures has dynamic properties such as the following. (1) The speaker is able to start pronouncing an utterance before having worked out the semantic content he wishes to express. Selection of semantic content and construction of syntactic form proceed partially in parallel. (2) The human sentence generator takes as input not only a specification of semantic content but also some indication of desired syntactic shape. Such indications, if present, do not complicate the generation process but make it easier. (3) Certain regularities of speech errors suggest a two-stage generation process. Stage I constructs the “syntactic skeleton” of an utterance; stage II provides the skeleton with morpho- honological information. An outline is given of the type of grammar which is used by a sentence generation system embodying these characteristics. The system is being implemented on a computer. -
Kempen, G. (1977). Conceptualizing and formulating in sentence production. In S. Rosenberg (
Ed. ), Sentence production: Developments in research and theory (pp. 259-274). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. -
Kempen, G. (1977). Man's sentence generator: Aspects of its control structure. In M. De Mey, R. Pinxten, M. Poriau, & E. Vandamme (
Eds. ), International workshop on the cognitive viewpoint. Ghent: University of Ghent, Communication & Cognition. -
Kempen, G. (1977). Wat is psycholinguistiek? In B. T. M. Tervoort (
Ed. ), Wetenschap en taal: Het verschijnsel taal van verschillende zijden benaderd (pp. 86-99 ). Muiderberg: Coutinho. -
Klein, W. (1977). Die Wissenschaft der Interpretation. In W. Klein (
Ed. ), Methoden der Textanalyse (pp. 1-23). Heidelberg: Quelle und Meyer. -
Klein, W., & Klein, W. (1971). Formale Poetik und Linguistik. In Beiträge zu den Sommerkursen des Goethe-Instituts München (pp. 190-195).
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Klein, W. (1994). Für eine rein zeitliche Deutung von Tempus und Aspekt. In R. Baum (
Ed. ), Lingua et Traditio: Festschrift für Hans Helmut Christmann zum 65. Geburtstag (pp. 409-422). Tübingen: Narr. -
Klein, W. (1994). Keine Känguruhs zur Linken: Über die Variabilität von Raumvorstellungen und ihren Ausdruck in der Sprache. In H.-J. Kornadt, J. Grabowski, & R. Mangold-Allwinn (
Eds. ), Sprache und Kognition (pp. 163-182). Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford: Spektrum. -
Klein, W. (1994). Learning how to express temporality in a second language. In A. G. Ramat, & M. Vedovelli (
Eds. ), Società di linguistica Italiana, SLI 34: Italiano - lingua seconda/lingua straniera: Atti del XXVI Congresso (pp. 227-248). Roma: Bulzoni. -
Klein, W. (1977). Transitional grammars in the acquisition of German by Spanish and Italian workers. In J. Meisel (
Ed. ), Langues en contact - Pidgins - Creoles - Languages in contact (pp. 167-183). Tübingen: Narr. -
Levelt, W. J. M. (1994). Psycholinguistics. In A. M. Colman (
Ed. ), Companion Encyclopedia of Psychology: Vol. 1 (pp. 319-337). London: Routledge.Abstract
Linguistic skills are primarily tuned to the proper conduct of conversation. The innate ability to converse has provided species with a capacity to share moods, attitudes, and information of almost any kind, to assemble knowledge and skills, to plan coordinated action, to educate its offspring, in short, to create and transmit culture. In conversation the interlocutors are involved in negotiating meaning. Speaking is most complex cognitive-motor skill. It involves the conception of an intention, the selection of information whose expression will make that intention recognizable, the selection of appropriate words, the construction of a syntactic framework, the retrieval of the words’ sound forms, and the computation of an articulatory plan for each word and for the utterance as a whole. The question where communicative intentions come from is a psychodynamic question rather than a psycholinguistic one. Speaking is a form of social action, and it is in the context of action that intentions, goals, and subgoals develop. -
Levelt, W. J. M. (1962). Motion breaking and the perception of causality. In A. Michotte (
Ed. ), Causalité, permanence et réalité phénoménales: Etudes de psychologie expérimentale (pp. 244-258). Louvain: Publications Universitaires. -
Levelt, W. J. M., Van Gent, J., Haans, A., & Meijers, A. (1977). Grammaticality, paraphrase, and imagery. In S. Greenbaum (
Ed. ), Acceptability in language (pp. 87-101). The Hague: Mouton. -
Levelt, W. J. M. (1994). The skill of speaking. In P. Bertelson, P. Eelen, & G. d'Ydewalle (
Eds. ), International perspectives on psychological science: Vol. 1. Leading themes (pp. 89-103). Hove: Erlbaum. -
Levinson, S. C. (1994). Deixis. In R. E. Asher (
Ed. ), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (pp. 853-857). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Levinson, S. C., & Senft, G. (1994). Wie lösen Sprecher von Sprachen mit absoluten und relativen Systemen des räumlichen Verweisens nicht-sprachliche räumliche Aufgaben? In Jahrbuch der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 1994 (pp. 295-299). München: Generalverwaltung der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft München.
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Senft, G. (1994). Darum gehet hin und lehret alle Völker: Mission, Kultur- und Sprachwandel am Beispiel der Trobriand-Insulaner von Papua-Neuguinea. In P. Stüben (
Ed. ), Seelenfischer: Mission, Stammesvölker und Ökologie (pp. 71-91). Gießen: Focus. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Categorial presupposition. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 2) (pp. 477-478). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Accommodation and presupposition. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 1) (pp. 15-16). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Denotation in discourse semantics. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 2) (pp. 859-860). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Donkey sentences. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 2) (pp. 1059-1060). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Discourse domain. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 2) (pp. 964-965). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Discourse semantics. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 2) (pp. 982-993). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Factivity. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 3) (pp. 1205). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Function, set-theoretical. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 3) (pp. 1314). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Incrementation. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 3) (pp. 1646). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Lexical conditions. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 4) (pp. 2140-2141). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Existence predicate (discourse semantics). In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 3) (pp. 1190-1191). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Existential presupposition. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 3) (pp. 1191-1192). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Presupposition. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 6) (pp. 3311-3320). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Projection problem. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 6) (pp. 3358-3360). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Sign. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 7) (pp. 3885-3888). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Syntax and semantics: Relationship. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 8) (pp. 4494-4500). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Seuren, P. A. M. (1994). Prediction and retrodiction. In R. E. Asher, & J. M. Y. Simpson (
Eds. ), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol. 6) (pp. 3302-3303). Oxford: Pergamon Press. -
Van Valin Jr., R. D. (1994). Extraction restrictions, competing theories and the argument from the poverty of the stimulus. In S. D. Lima, R. Corrigan, & G. K. Iverson (
Eds. ), The reality of linguistic rules (pp. 243-259). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
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