Displaying 201 - 202 of 202
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Womelsdorf, T., Schoffelen, J.-M., Oostenveld, R., Singer, W., Desimone, R., Engel, A. K., & Fries, P. (2007). Modulation of neuronal interactions through neuronal synchronization. Science, 316, 1609-1612. doi:10.1126/science.1139597.
Abstract
Brain processing depends on the interactions between neuronal groups. Those interactions are governed by the pattern of anatomical connections and by yet unknown mechanisms that modulate the effective strength of a given connection. We found that the mutual influence among neuronal groups depends on the phase relation between rhythmic activities within the groups. Phase relations supporting interactions between the groups preceded those interactions by a few milliseconds, consistent with a mechanistic role. These effects were specific in time, frequency, and space, and we therefore propose that the pattern of synchronization flexibly determines the pattern of neuronal interactions. -
Ziegler, A., DeStefano, A. L., König, I. R., Bardel, C., Brinza, D., Bull, S., Cai, Z., Glaser, B., Jiang, W., Lee, K. E., Li, C. X., Li, J., Li, X., Majoram, P., Meng, Y., Nicodemus, K. K., Platt, A., Schwarz, D. F., Shi, W., Shugart, Y. Y. and 7 moreZiegler, A., DeStefano, A. L., König, I. R., Bardel, C., Brinza, D., Bull, S., Cai, Z., Glaser, B., Jiang, W., Lee, K. E., Li, C. X., Li, J., Li, X., Majoram, P., Meng, Y., Nicodemus, K. K., Platt, A., Schwarz, D. F., Shi, W., Shugart, Y. Y., Stassen, H. H., Sun, Y. V., Won, S., Wang, W., Wahba, G., Zagaar, U. A., & Zhao, Z. (2007). Data mining, neural nets, trees–problems 2 and 3 of Genetic Analysis Workshop 15. Genetic Epidemiology, 31(Suppl 1), S51-S60. doi:10.1002/gepi.20280.
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies using thousands to hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and region-wide association studies using a dense panel of SNPs are already in use to identify disease susceptibility genes and to predict disease risk in individuals. Because these tasks become increasingly important, three different data sets were provided for the Genetic Analysis Workshop 15, thus allowing examination of various novel and existing data mining methods for both classification and identification of disease susceptibility genes, gene by gene or gene by environment interaction. The approach most often applied in this presentation group was random forests because of its simplicity, elegance, and robustness. It was used for prediction and for screening for interesting SNPs in a first step. The logistic tree with unbiased selection approach appeared to be an interesting alternative to efficiently select interesting SNPs. Machine learning, specifically ensemble methods, might be useful as pre-screening tools for large-scale association studies because they can be less prone to overfitting, can be less computer processor time intensive, can easily include pair-wise and higher-order interactions compared with standard statistical approaches and can also have a high capability for classification. However, improved implementations that are able to deal with hundreds of thousands of SNPs at a time are required.
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