Visuospatial working memory load reduces semantic prediction in the visual world
Prediction in language is often about objects in the language users’ visual surroundings. Previous research suggests that linguistic working memory limitations in such task environments constrain language-mediated anticipatory eye movements. In this study, we investigated the effects of visuospatial cognitive load on language-mediated predictive eye gaze behaviour in a diverse group of L2 English speakers using the visual-world paradigm. Participants completed three levels of an increasingly difficult visuospatial working memory task before hearing either semantically constraining or unconstraining sentences, choosing an object best fitting the sentence, and completing the working memory task. Evidence of L2 anticipatory eye gaze was observed in all conditions. Importantly, a significant effect of difficulty, especially in the higher-load condition, suggests that increasing visuospatial working memory reduces anticipatory eye gaze. We close by discussing the importance of (visual) working memory in visual world studies and highlight the inherently integrative nature of predictive processing during language-vision interactions.
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